We get asked a lot about what actually happens to the body prior to and during menopause and what is the effect on the skin (because people observe these skin changes!)
Here are some FAQ:
What is Menopause? Menopause is the permanent end of menstrual cycles, officially diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a period. The average age for menopause is 51, though some women may experience it earlier, before age 40, which is referred to as ‘premature menopause.’ The stage leading up to menopause is called perimenopause, which usually lasts between 2 to 8 years. During this time, women experience hormonal fluctuations and changes in their menstrual cycles. Perimenopause is also known as the menopausal transition or climacteric period.
What Causes Menopause? Menopause occurs when the ovaries lose most of their follicles, leading to lower oestrogen levels and a rise in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The timing of menopause can be influenced by factors such as genetics, smoking, and reproductive history. In some cases, early menopause can result from genetic conditions like Turner syndrome, exposure to toxins, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or the surgical removal of the ovaries.
Clinical Features of Menopause? Oestrogen a key role in the health of various body systems, including the skin. As oestrogen levels decrease, areas with the highest concentration of oestrogen receptors, such as the genital region, face, and legs, may show signs of vulnerability to skin changes.
What are the common symptoms of Menopause?
• Irregular menstrual cycles
• Vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flashes and night sweats (a sudden warm sensation, sometimes accompanied by flushing)
• Sleep disturbances
• Mood changes, including depression and irritability
• Cognitive issues, like memory lapses or difficulty concentrating
• Joint pain or discomfort
• Breast tenderness
What are the skin conditions associated with Menopause? Several skin issues are common during menopause, often related to the hormonal changes that occur with the decrease in oestrogen. These include:
1. Xerosis (Dry Skin) and Itching - These are among the most frequent complaints during menopause. Oestrogen helps maintain skin hydration by promoting the production of ceramides, sebum, and hyaluronic acid, so a reduction in oestrogen often leads to dryness and irritation. We recommend Moisture Endure cream and Drink Up serum.
2. Asteatotic Eczema - This condition is a result of increased skin dryness, leading to cracked and inflamed skin
3. Fine Wrinkling - The first few years after menopause are marked by rapid collagen loss, contributing to the development of fine lines and wrinkles. We recommend Retinol Revitalise.
4. Easy Bruising - As skin becomes thinner with age and oestrogen levels decrease, bruising can occur more easily, particularly on the arms and lower legs, sometimes even with minor trauma. Long-term sun exposure can worsen this condition. We recommend Skin Perfector Base.
5. Hirsutism (Excessive Hair Growth) - Facial hair growth becomes more common in postmenopausal women, particularly those not undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This is often linked to an imbalance between oestrogen and testosterone.
6. Acne - Hormonal imbalances during menopause, particularly an increase in testosterone relative to oestrogen, can lead to acne, especially on the face. We recommend Wake Up Cleanser and Refine and Renew serum.
7. Rosacea - Menopausal flushing may exacerbate rosacea, a skin condition characterised by redness and visible blood vessels on the face. We recommend Destress serum and Rest Tight Cream.
8. Alopecia (Hair Loss) - Around one-third of postmenopausal women may experience hair thinning or hair loss, typically on the top and front areas of the scalp.
9. Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia - This form of hair loss is more common in women approaching or going through menopause, affecting the hairline and eyebrows.
10. Pigmentary Changes - While melasma is typically seen in premenopausal women, it can be triggered by hormone replacement therapy. Additionally, acquired bilateral melanosis (a darkening of the skin) is often observed on the neck in peri- and postmenopausal women, particularly those of Asian descent. We recommend Illuminate serum.
11. Keratoderma Climactericum - This condition involves thickening of the skin on the palms and soles, more commonly seen in obese postmenopausal women. It may be itchy and, in severe cases, lead to painful cracking and splitting of the skin.
What are the Complications of Menopause? Beyond the physical symptoms, menopause can lead to significant psychosocial impacts, affecting a woman’s self-esteem, relationships, daily functioning, and professional life. Additionally, the long-term effects of oestrogen deficiency after menopause include:
• Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease - Reduced oestrogen levels can elevate the risk of heart disease, as oestrogen plays a role in maintaining cardiovascular health.
• Osteoporosis - Oestrogen helps maintain bone mineral density, so its decrease during menopause can lead to weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures.
• Cognitive Decline - Long-term oestrogen deficiency may also contribute to cognitive decline, affecting memory and mental function over time.
